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Booker T. Washington "Bukka" White (November 12, 1909 – February 26, 1977) was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer. "Bukka" is a phonetic spelling of White's first name, though he preferred "Booker." ==Biography== Born south of Houston, Mississippi, White was a first cousin of B.B. King's mother (White's mother and King's grandmother were sisters). White himself is remembered as a player of National resonator guitars. He also played, but was less adept at, the piano. White started his career playing the fiddle at square dances. He claims to have met Charlie Patton early on, although some doubt has been cast upon this;〔Stephen Calt claims, in his book about Skip James: ''I'd Rather Be the Devil'', that White claimed to know Patton merely because Fahey was a fan of the long dead bluesman.〕 regardless, Patton was a large influence on White. White typically played slide guitar, in an open tuning. He was one of the few, along with Skip James, to use a crossnote tuning in E minor, which he may have learned, as James did, from Henry Stuckey. He first recorded for Victor Records in 1930. His recordings for Victor, like those of many other bluesmen, fluctuated between country blues and gospel numbers. Victor published his photograph in 1930. His gospel songs were done in the style of Blind Willie Johnson, with a female singer accentuating the last phrase of each line.〔In the liner notes for ''American Primitive, Vol. 1'', which features White's ''I am in the Heavenly Way,'' Fahey states that White "... had no particular interest in religion. Victor went and hired the woman from a local Baptist church for this recording. Trying to imitate Blind Willie Johnson."〕 Nine years later, while serving time for assault, he recorded for folklorist John Lomax. The few songs he recorded around this time became his most well-known: "Shake 'Em On Down," and "Po' Boy." Bob Dylan covered his song "Fixin' to Die Blues", which aided a "rediscovery" of White in 1963 by guitarist John Fahey and Ed Denson, which propelled him onto the folk revival scene of the 1960s. White had recorded the song simply because his other songs had not particularly impressed the Victor record producer. It was a studio composition of which White had thought little until it re-emerged thirty years later.〔''I'd Rather Be the Devil: Skip James and the Blues'' by Stephen Calt, p. 243〕 White was at one time managed by experienced blues manager Arne Brogger. Fahey and Denson found White easily enough: Fahey wrote a letter to "Bukka White (Old Blues Singer), c/o General Delivery, Aberdeen, Mississippi." Fahey had assumed, given White's song, "Aberdeen, Mississippi", that White still lived there, or nearby. The postcard was forwarded to Memphis, Tennessee, where White worked in a tank factory. Fahey and Denson soon traveled to meet White, and White and Fahey remained friends through the remainder of White's life.〔In his collection of autobiographical sketches, ''How Bluegrass Music Ruined My Life'', John Fahey reminisces about his and White's time catching catfish together. He also remarks that White had, by the time of his rediscovery, largely forgotten how to play guitar, but had become an even more adept lyricist.〕 He recorded a new album for Denson and Fahey's Takoma Records, whilst Denson became his manager. White was, later in life, also friends with fellow musician Furry Lewis. The two recorded, mostly in Lewis' Memphis apartment, an album together, ''Furry Lewis, Bukka White & Friends: Party! At Home''. One of his most famous songs, "Parchman Farm Blues", about the Mississippi State Penitentiary (also known as Parchman Farm) in Sunflower County, Mississippi, was released on Harry Smith's fourth volume of the ''Anthology of American Folk Music, Vol. 4''. His 1937 version of the oft-recorded song,〔Furry Lewis, Mississippi Fred McDowell, Wade Walton, and R. L. Burnside have all recorded version of "Shake 'Em On Down", as have countless others.〕 "Shake 'Em On Down," is considered definitive, and became a hit while White was serving time in Parchman. White died in February 1977 from cancer, at the age of 67, in Memphis, Tennessee.〔 In 1990 he was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame (along with Blind Blake and Lonnie Johnson). On November 21, 2011, The Recording Academy announced that "Fixin' to Die Blues" was to be added to its 2012 list of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bukka White」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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